Uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria

Severe malaria — FIRST LINE. Replace with oral ACT when able.

Severe malaria (if artesunate not available), 2nd trimester malaria

IPTp in pregnancy (2nd/3rd trimester, ≥1 month apart) and seasonal malaria chemoprevention

ARI, pneumonia (mild), otitis media, UTI, skin infections

Complicated skin/soft tissue, bite wounds, dental, sinusitis

CAP, STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhoea + ceftriaxone), typhoid in pregnancy

UTI, typhoid, salmonella, gonorrhoea, severe diarrhoea

Anaerobic infections, BV, trichomoniasis, amoebic dysentery, Giardia, H. pylori

Chlamydia, PID (+ metronidazole + ceftriaxone), LGV, malaria prophylaxis, rickettsia

Meningitis (+ chloramphenicol), pneumococcal infections, syphilis, neonatal sepsis

Sepsis, meningitis, gonorrhoea, typhoid, PID (+ doxycycline + metronidazole)

Meningitis (with penicillin), typhoid (2nd line), SSNNS

Neonatal sepsis, UTI (IV), gram-negative sepsis, PID (part of regimen)

Penicillin-allergic patients (ARI, skin), chlamydia in pregnancy (alt), whooping cough

Fever, mild–moderate pain

Fever, pain, inflammation, dysmenorrhoea

Moderate pain, musculoskeletal, renal colic, post-op

Severe pain, post-operative, palliative care

Hypertension (FIRST LINE in Ghana), angina

Hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy

Hypertension (esp. ACE cough), diabetic nephropathy, heart failure

Hypertension in pregnancy (1st line IV), resistant hypertension

Hypertension in pregnancy — DRUG OF CHOICE

Hypertension, oedema (mild)

Heart failure, pulmonary oedema, renal oedema, severe hypertension

Acute hypertension in pregnancy (oral/SL), tocolysis, angina

Type 2 DM (first line), gestational diabetes

Type 2 DM (when metformin inadequate)

Type 1 DM, DKA, hyperglycaemic emergency, perioperative

Acute asthma / wheeze, COPD exacerbation, tocolysis

Persistent asthma — maintenance (not for acute attack)

Acute asthma, COPD exacerbation, severe allergic reactions, inflammatory conditions

Cerebral oedema, croup, antenatal lung maturation (24–34 wks), severe septic shock (selected)

Active management of 3rd stage labour, PPH prevention & treatment, labour augmentation

PPH prevention (if oxytocin unavailable), PPH treatment, cervical ripening

Eclampsia seizure prevention & treatment — FIRST LINE

Iron deficiency anaemia, anaemia in pregnancy

Megaloblastic anaemia, neural tube defect prevention, haemolytic anaemia supplement

Peptic ulcer, GERD, H. pylori (triple therapy), NSAID gastroprotection

Diarrhoea with dehydration — FIRST LINE in all ages

Adjunct in childhood diarrhoea with ORS (reduces severity + recurrence)

Peptic ulcer (when PPI not available), GERD, stress ulcer prophylaxis

Status epilepticus (2nd line), febrile convulsions, alcohol withdrawal, anxiety

Epilepsy (generalised, focal), neonatal seizures, febrile convulsions (prophylaxis)

Epilepsy, status epilepticus (IV, after benzodiazepines fail)

Schizophrenia, acute psychosis, mania, delirium

Psychosis, severe agitation, hiccups, nausea

HIV treatment — 1st line in Ghana

HIV-related opportunistic infection prophylaxis, PCP, toxoplasmosis, UTI, typhoid (where sensitive)

Measles (reduces complications), severe malnutrition, Bitot's spots, post-partum

Antidote for MgSO₄ toxicity, hypocalcaemia, hyperkalaemia (cardiac protection)